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Canoparmelia salacinifera (Hale) Elix & Hale
Immaculate Shield

Photo © Malcolm Hodges, from a specimen collected in Long Co., Ga., 5 April 2023
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Federal Protection: No US federal protection

State Protection: No Georgia state protection

Global Rank: GNR

State Rank: SNR

Element Locations Tracked in Biotics: No

SWAP 2015 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN): No

SWAP 2025 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN): No

2025 SGCN Priority Tier: None

Element Occurrences (EOs) in Georgia: 0

Habitat Summary for element in Georgia: Upland forests and woodlands, swamps


Description

Small foliose lichen with pale gray or gray-green thallus, and lobes adnate to bark surface; lobe tips without maculae or sparse maculae obscured by pale thallus; inner part of thallus with scattered short to moderate-length, simple isidia; lower cortex brown throughout; some old specimens become fruticose with revolute projecting lobes; CHEMISTRY: medulla K+ deep red to maroon (salazinic acid); FIELD ID: isidia, lack of cilia & southerly distribution are clues, combined with a field K test for confirmation

Similar Species

Hypotrachyna minarum is possibly not separable except with chemistry; Bulbothrix isidiza if characteristic cilia are not seen

Related Rare Species

None

Habitat

Upland forests & woodlands, swamps; substrates: 1 record on Pinus bark, 1 on Lyonia, and 1 on Taxodium; 1 record on silicious rock

Life History

Corticolous foliose lichenized fungus, photobiont a species of green alga (Trebouxia?)

Survey Recommendations

None

Range

Coastal Plain

Threats

Unknown

Georgia Conservation Status

Rare

Conservation Management Recommendations

None

References

Brodo, I. M. 2001. Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.

Brodo, I. M. 2016. Keys to lichens of North America: revised and expanded. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.

Esslinger, T. L. 2021. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. Version 24. Opuscula Philolichenum 20: 100-394.

Authors of Account

Malcolm Hodges

Date Compiled or Updated

16 May 2022