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Federal Protection: No US federal protection

State Protection: No Georgia state protection

Global Rank: GNR

State Rank: SU

Element Locations Tracked in Biotics: No

SWAP 2015 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN): No

SWAP 2025 Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN): No

2025 SGCN Priority Tier: None

Element Occurrences (EOs) in Georgia: 0

Habitat Summary for element in Georgia: Hardwood hammock forest

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Description

Whitish thallus written over with raised black lirellae, randomly arranged (not in groupings), variably short & thick segments to long & branched with gradually tapering tips; raised thalline margin minimal to absent; MICROSCOPY: exciple striate, laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; spores muriform, 1-2(-4)/ascus, usually large, up to 50 x 25 µm; CHEMISTRY: K+ red thallus (norstictic acid), orange-brown pigment in epihymenium bleeding burgundy-violet in KOH wet mount; FIELD ID: most Graphis are best left at genus without dissection & chemical tests

Similar Species

Graphis antillarum tends to have more consistently long lirellae, gradually tapering & often in stellate groupings; its epihymenium lacks orange tints and is KOH- in wet mount

Related Rare Species

Graphis endoxantha

Habitat

Mesic hammock forest along Altamaha R., on Quercus & Ilex

Life History

Corticolous crustose lichenized fungus, photobiont a species of alga in genus Trentepohlia

Survey Recommendations

None

Range

Coastal Plain (only known from the Altamaha R. corridor)

Threats

None

Georgia Conservation Status

Rare

Conservation Management Recommendations

None

References

Esslinger, T. L. 2021. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. Version 24. Opuscula Philolichenum 20: 100-394.

Lendemer, J. C. 2010. Notes on the genus Graphis (Graphidaceae: Lichenized Ascomycetes) in the coastal plain of southeastern North America. J. of the Torrey Bot. Soc. 137: 312-317.

Lendemer, J. C. 2010. Revised keys to the Graphidaceae in southeastern North America. Created for the 2010 Tuckerman Workshop, Augusta, Georgia. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, N.Y.

Lücking, R., A. W. Archer & A. Aptroot. 2009. A world­wide key to the genus Graphis (Ostropales: Graphidaceae). Lichenologist 41: 363­452.

Authors of Account

Malcolm Hodges

Date Compiled or Updated

11 April 2022